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The present study deals with the analysis of daily average concentrations of respirable suspended particulate matter (RSPM- PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at seven monitoring stations namely, Hazratganj, Talkatora, Mahanagar, Aliganj, Sarai Mali Khan, Gomtinagar, and Ansal TC in Lucknow city from 2016 to 2020. The analysis shows that the annual average concentration of RSPM varies from 148.74 to 323.05 µg/m3, SO2 varies from 7.11 to 8.94 µg/m3 and NO2 from 23.52 to 31.86 µg/m3 at all the locations. From the analysis of seasonal variation, it is found that the minimum concentration of RSPM found to be 81.59 µg/m3 in monsoon and maximum concentration was found to be 447.47 µg/m3 in post-monsoon. However, the seasonal variation of SO2 was found in the range of 5.55 to 10.94 µg/m3 and NO2 in the range of 20.23 to 38.40 µg/m3, which are below the prescribed standards. The pollution level decreased to some extent due to the COVID-19 lockdown in the year 2020 but not below the prescribed standard for RSPM. The levels of PM10 in Lucknow are not reducing despite the government of India banning industries and adopting other safeguards within the city. The Trajectory and Dispersion study using the HYSPLIT4.0 model shows insufficient local pollution control, and pollutants are carried from adjacent locations due to the wind blowing from north-west direction to keep daily pollution levels over the standards prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board (i.e., 100 µg/m3). The peak concentration of RSPM is recorded to be 323.05 µg/m3 for the year 2017 at the Hazratganj monitoring station. Over the study region, wavelet analysis of monthly averaged values of PM10 data sets at all seven stations revealed that the presence of semi-annual and annual periodicity. The findings reveal that controlling of particulate matter pollution in the city is a significant concern and has an alarming situation as compared to SO2 and NO2 pollutants.
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Purpose This study aims to perform a systematic literature review to organize the abundance of information on employee relations (ER) and sustainable organizations. Moreover, this study identifies the research gaps by investigating the review of ER' mediating and moderating variables and the relationship between ER and sustainable organizations. Design/methodology/approach This study is based on the systematic literature review methodology involving 257 studies in the final stage. The Scopus and Google Scholar databases with search criteria "employee relations" and "employee relations and sustainable organization" were used to achieve the research objective. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, researchers come to the distribution of the articles based on the subthemes, geographical region, types of methods, top authors with affiliation and complete research articles based on the citation. In the final stage, this study concluded with the conceptual model comprising mediators and moderators of ER as well as the mediating and moderating variables of the relationship between ER and sustainable organizations. Findings The reviewed literature shows that employee relation is an optimal strategy for retaining employees via proper disclosure of human resources (HRs) and ER Index. This study included the top six publishers, namely, Emerald, Elsevier, Sage, Springer, Taylor and Francis and Wiley Online Library, to do an exhaustive review on a specific topic. The findings indicate that after COVID-19, the ER index, HR disclosures and the sustainability of ER are among the new and required paradigm shifts needed to manage a crisis impact and perform productively. The mediator and moderator variables that can improve employee-employer relationships are organizational trusts, organizational justice, perceived job satisfaction, organizational structure and firm ownership. On the other hand, variables that mediate and moderate the relationship between ER and sustainable organizations are organizational climate, organization trust, organization culture, perceived organization support, psychological empowerment, firm ownership, leadership behavior and attitude, respectively. The findings concluded that harmonious and cordial ER are pertinent in building sustainable organizations and accomplishing organizational goals. Practical implications The mediating and moderating variables that have been identified can be helpful for enthusiastic researchers in contributing to empirical research. Practitioners and managers can use the findings in making an effective organizational model that develops good employee-employer relationships and helps create a culture of trust and harmony. This study focuses on exploring the variables of ER, which strengthens employee-employer relationships and supports organizations to stay agile and attain sustainability to endure in the future. Originality/value This study insights on the specific mediating and moderating variables of ER and sustainable organizations. Till date, studies exploring constructs of ER and sustainable organizations are still in deficit. Better employee relation reflects and leads to a more resilient organization. Future researchers should explore the connection between pandemics and ER which is done insufficiently in the present time.
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Background: The emergence of COVID-19 as a fatal viral disease encourages researchers to develop effective and efficient therapeutic agents. The intervention of in silico studies has led to revolu-tionary changes in the conventional method of testing the bioactivity of plant constituents. Objective: The current study deals with the investigation of some traditional immunomodulators of plant origin to combat this ailment. Materials and Methods: A total of 151 phytomolecules of 12 immunomodulatory plants were evaluated for their inhibitory action against the main protease (PDB ID: 7D1M) and NSP15 endoribonuclease (PDB ID: 6WLC) by structure-based virtual screening. In addition, the promising molecules with ligand effi-ciency of more than-0.3(kcal/mol)/heavy atoms were further predicted for pharmacokinetic properties and druggability using the SwissADME web server, and their toxicity was also evaluated using Protox-II. Results: Myricetin-3-O-arabinofuranoside of cranberry plant was found to be the most potential candidate against both enzymes: main protease (–14.2 kcal/mol) and NSP15 endoribonuclease (–12.2 kcal/mol). Conclusion: The promising outcomes of the current study may be implemented in future drug development against coronavirus. The findings also help in the development of lead candidates of plant origin with a better ADMET profile in the future.
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The coronavirus pandemic has entirely changed the current situation and has led people to realize the living scenario is no longer similar to before. The present-day situation is majorly subjugated with studies on developing strategies that can defer the spread of this virus, and to invent the vaccination. One of the prominent solution followed by many countries is to apply regional or country-level lockdown. This has affected the lives of many industries and become a challenge for its economic development. In this paper, we examine the correlation between the air pollutants (such as PM2.5, PM10, Ozone, CO, SOX and NOX) and weather parameters (such as temperature, humidity and dew point) with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by considering the six major red-zone hotspots identified in India. The effect of these parameters on major hotspots is examined based on Spearman’s correlation coefficients for the lockdown period announced by the Government of India. From the results, it is evident that the highest correlation is obtained for different parameters for different red-zone districts. The study results may guide the authorities to develop a decentralized approach for effective implementation of lockdown and take appropriate measures in these red-zone hotspots. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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The objective of this paper is to study the change in ambient concentration of three of the standard criteria pollutants namely respiratory suspended particulate matters (RSPM or PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) because of lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic. It is studied for three locations viz. residential, industrial and commercial in and around the Nagpur city. The data has been collected from January to June 2020, where there was a normal situation from January to March for three months and a complete lockdown from April to June 2020 for three months. The monthly average concentrations of all three pollutants during the normal situation and lockdown period have been compared. It is found that the average concentration of all three pollutants at all the three locations is reduced by about 42–66% due to the lockdown. During the lockdown period the average concentration of SO2 was reduced to 5 µg/m3 from 14 µg/m3 in the normal situation. The average concentration of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was reduced to 12 µg/m3 from 39 µg/m3 and the average concentration of RSPM reduced to 72 µg/m3 from 133 µg/m3 due to lockdown. It is observed that the concentration of all the pollutants during lockdown was below the prescribed CPCB standards. Air quality index (AQI) at all three locations improved from the range of 101–200 in the normal situation to 51–100 in the lockdown period. The quality of ambient air changed from MODERATE to SATISFACTORY. The reduction of pollutants is mainly due to the shutdown of anthropogenic activities in all three locations in and around Nagpur. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
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This is the era of modern and highly sophisticated research which is on-going at various geographical locations and there are so many consequences that are also associated with the security and ethical responsibility. Hence knowingly or unknowingly the human civilization would face the kind of traumas and pandemics which has already been happened in the recent past. This chapter discusses these kind of consequences and their remedies with the latest technological developments whether it is the security, tracking, IOT based healthcare systems, healthcare seminars, conferences, etc. The healthcare systems touches every acumen of the human life and impact greatly the day-to-day human life. The tracking, surveillance and monitoring, etc. are not that difficult due to the recent advancements and IOT based researches. The robotic diagnostic arm system, robotic patrolling and surveillance, and cobotics are the ideal inventions of the modern era by which the medical practitioners now easily can monitor, diagnose as well as do the surgery to the remotely placed patient or the medication seekers sitting at geographically distant places. Technological interventions helped human life easier, but at the same time when the minute level of mistakes will create the havocs and its capable of and can destroy the entire human race in very less time just like Covid’19 is the latest example. These pandemics are very difficult to control, hence, there is an utmost care needed, while developing and performing the research with these viruses whether to control, test, vaccine researches, trials on these vaccines, etc. The pandemics and their threat to the humans and any living being are dangerous in any form. The entire world shown the united support and courage to control the Covid’19 as the latest pandemic, but it is very necessary that people understand the necessity to act wisely, this chapter also discusses if the situations wrong and how to control the lockdown situations using sophisticated surveillance using drone cameras, IOT devices, robotics, unmanned vehicles, etc. used to control stampede and festive gathering or any other kind of people gatherings. Advanced people monitoring and machine learning based predictions systems utilized in order to reduce such situations where the gathering control is difficult. These devices helping the government and the police cops to perform the duties and to avoid any such situations where this is uncontrollable. The world economy and mental health aspects, lockdown control and employee sanitization automation systems are also discussed in this chapter. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.